Imperial Tapers

This LM11949/LM11910 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.75x1.7811x0.6098inch LM11949 Imperial SeriesLight MediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 0° to 23° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This LM67048/LM67010 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.25x2.328x0.6252inch LM67048 Imperial SeriesLight MediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 30° 30‚' to 32° 29‚' 59.99 in...

This LM11949/LM11910 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.75x1.7811x0.6098inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceLM11949LM11910Light Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight Medium SeriesCup ReferenceStandard...

This L44643/L44610 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x1.9799x0.5598inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceL44643L44610Light SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 1780/1729 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x2.2402x0.7626inch   1780  Imperial Series   Cone Reference Standard Bearing

This L44600LA bearing is a sealed imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x1.9799x0.5598inch Cone ReferenceCup Reference L44600LA    Light Series Cone Reference Inner ring assembled with Duo-Face seal Imperial...

This 399a/394a bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 2.6875x4.3307x0.8661inchCone ReferenceCup Reference399a394aImperial SeriesCone ReferenceDifferent Bore, Radius or Complement of Rollers from Basic Part...

This LM67048/LM67010 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.25x2.328x0.6252inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceLM67048LM67010Light Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight Medium SeriesCup ReferenceStandard...

This LM29749/LM29710 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.5x2.5626x0.7098inch  LM29749  Imperial Series Light Medium Cone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 24° to 25° 29‚' 59.99 in. Standard...

This 48548/48510 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.3752x2.5626x0.7098inchCone ReferenceCup Reference4854848510Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This L44649/L44610 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.0626x1.9799x0.5598inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceL44649L44610Light SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This HM88649/HM88610 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.3752x2.8437x1inch HM88649 Imperial SeriesHeavy MediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 36° to 44° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This M86649/M86610 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.1874x2.5311x0.8437inch M86649 Imperial SeriesMediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 36° to 44° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This 1380/1329 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.875x2.125x0.7625inchCone ReferenceCup Reference13801329Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceImperial SeriesCup Reference

This 15578/15520 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x2.25x0.6874inch  15578 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This L44643/L44610 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x1.9799x0.5598inch L44643 Imperial SeriesLightCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 27° to 28° 29‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This 368A/362A bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 2x3.5x0.8126inch 368AAImperial Series Cone ReferenceSpecial feature bearing. (Non-interchangable with bearings having same basic part numbers.)

This 09067/09195 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.75x1.9382x0.7098inch   09067  Imperial Series   Cone Reference Standard Bearing

This 18690/18620 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.8126x3.1252x0.6874inchCone ReferenceCup Reference1869018620Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This L44649/610/Q bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.0625x1.98x0.5819inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceL44649L44610QLight SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight SeriesCup ReferenceStamped Steel Cage, Optimised...

This LM102949/LM102911 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.7812x2.891x0.8437inch LM102949 Imperial SeriesLight MediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of0° to 23° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard...

This L44649/610 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.0625x1.98x0.58inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceL44649L44610Light SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 09067/09195 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.75x1.9382x0.7098inchCone ReferenceCup Reference0906709195Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 14138A/14276 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.3752x2.7169x0.7815inch 14138AAImperial Series Cone ReferenceSpecial feature bearing. (Non-interchangable with bearings having same basic part numbers.)

This L44649/L44610 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.0626x1.9799x0.5598inch L44649 Imperial SeriesLightCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 27° to 28° 29‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This 14137a/14276 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.375x2.717x0.7813inchCone ReferenceCup Reference14137a14276Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceDifferent Bore, Radius or Complement of Rollers from Basic Part...

This a4050/a4138 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.5x1.3775x0.433inchCone ReferenceCup Referencea4050a4138Standard Basic Series Part NumberCone ReferenceStandard Basic Series Part NumberCup Reference

This L45449/L45410 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.1417x1.9799x0.5598inch L45449 Imperial SeriesLightCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 27° to 28° 29‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This 08125/08231 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.25x2.3125x0.5937inch Cone ReferenceCup Reference  08125  08231  Imperial Series Cone Reference Standard Bearing Imperial Series Cup...

This L44643L/L44610 bearing is a sealed imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x1.9799x0.4197inch Cone ReferenceCup Reference L44643LL44610  Light Series Cone Reference Inner ring assembled with Duo-Face seal Light Series...

This LM48548/LM48510 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.3752x2.5626x0.7098inch LM48548 Imperial SeriesLight MediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 27° to 28° 29‚' 59.99 in.Standard...

This 07100S/07210X bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x2x0.5909inch 07100SImperial Series Cone ReferenceSpecial feature bearing. (Non-interchangable with bearings having same basic part numbers.)

This l21549/l21511 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.625x1.3775x0.433inchCone ReferenceCup Referencel21549l21511Light SeriesCone ReferenceLight SeriesCup Reference

This L44643/L44610 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x1.9799x0.5598inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceL44643L44610Light SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This LM11949/LM11910 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.75x1.7811x0.6098inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceLM11949LM11910Light Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight Medium SeriesCup ReferenceStandard...

Upgrade your machinery's performance with the Timken 3984/3920 Taper Roller Bearing stocked here at Quality Bearings Online. This Single Row Tapered Roller Bearing, comprises of a cone with a cage containing tapered rollers and a cup. Engineered with...

This M84548/M84510 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x2.25x0.765inch M84548 Imperial SeriesMediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 36° to 44° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This 03062/03162 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.625x1.625x0.5625inch 03062 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 15100/15245 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x2.4409x0.75inchCone ReferenceCup Reference1510015245Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceImperial SeriesCup Reference

This M12648/M12610 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.8752x1.9689x0.6902inch M12648 Imperial SeriesMediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 0° to 23° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This H414249/H414210 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 2.8125x5.375x1.625inch Heavy414249 Imperial SeriesHeavyCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of27° to 28° 29‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This 1994X/1922 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x2.25x0.7815inch 1994XXImperial Series Cone ReferenceSpecial feature bearing. (Non-interchangable with bearings having same basic part numbers.)

This 14130/14276 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.3125x2.717x0.7813inch 14130 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This lm603049/lm603011 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.7812x3.0625x0.7812inchCone ReferenceCup Referencelm603049lm603011Light-Medium SeriesCone ReferenceLight-Medium SeriesCup Reference

This a2047/a2126 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.4719x1.2595x0.3938inchCone ReferenceCup Referencea2047a2126Standard Basic Series Part NumberCone ReferenceStandard Basic Series Part NumberCup Reference

This 15123/15245 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.25x2.4409x0.715inch 15123 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 18590/18520 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.6252x2.8752x0.6563inchCone ReferenceCup Reference1859018520Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This LM501349/LM501310 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.6252x2.8909x0.7701inch LM501349 Imperial SeriesLight MediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 28° 30‚' to 30° 29‚' 59.99 in...

This LM72849/LM72810 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.8902x1.8504x0.6102inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceLM72849LM72810Light Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight Medium SeriesCup ReferenceStandard...

This M802048/M802011 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.625x3.25x1.045inch M802048 Imperial SeriesMediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of36° to 44° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This JLM104948/JLM104910 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.9685x3.2283x0.8465inchJLM104948 Metric SeriesLight MediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of0° to 23° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard...

This L610549/L610510 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 2.5x3.7188x0.75inch L610549 Imperial SeriesLightCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of30° 30‚' to 32° 29‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This L68149/L68111 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.3776x2.361x0.6252inch L68149 Imperial SeriesLightCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 30° 30‚' to 32° 29‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This LM11949/LM11910 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.75x1.7811x0.6098inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceLM11949LM11910Light Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight Medium SeriesCup ReferenceStandard...

This 15123/15245 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.25x2.4409x0.715inchCone ReferenceCup Reference1512315245Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This LM29749/LM29710 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.5x2.5626x0.7098inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceLM29749LM29710Light Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight Medium SeriesCup ReferenceStandard...

This LM501349/LM501310 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.6252x2.8909x0.7701inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceLM501349LM501310Light Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight Medium SeriesCup...

This 07100S/07210X bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x2x0.5909inchCone ReferenceCup Reference07100S07210XImperial SeriesCone ReferenceSpecial feature bearing. (Non-interchangable with bearings having same...

This 07100/07196 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x1.9689x0.5315inchCone ReferenceCup Reference0710007196Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 18790/18720 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 2x3.3465x0.6875inch 18790 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 44643/44610 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x1.9799x0.5598inchCone ReferenceCup Reference4464344610Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This LM102949/LM102910 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.7811x2.8909x0.7701inch LM102949 Imperial SeriesLight MediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 0° to 23° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard...

This 2788/2720 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.5x3x0.9358inch 2788 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This L68149/L68111 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.3776x2.361x0.6252inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceL68149L68111Light SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 07097/07204 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x2.0469x0.5949inch 07097 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 15112/15245 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.125x2.4409x0.75inch 15112 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 27880/27820 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.5x3.151x0.9688inchCone ReferenceCup Reference2788027820Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceImperial SeriesCup Reference

This a4050/a4138-b bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.5x1.3775x0.433inchCone ReferenceCup Referencea4050a4138bStandard Basic Series Part NumberCone ReferenceStandard Basic Series Part NumberCup ReferenceFlanged...

This L44649/L44610 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.0626x1.9799x0.5598inch Cone ReferenceCup Reference L44649 L44610  Light Series Cone Reference Standard Bearing Light Series Cup Reference Standard...

This 37431A/37625 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 4.3126x6.25x0.9063inchCone ReferenceCup Reference37431A37625Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceSpecial feature bearing. (Non-interchangable with bearings having...

This 44649/44610 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.0626x1.9799x0.5598inchCone ReferenceCup Reference4464944610Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This M88046/M88010 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.25x2.6874x0.8752inch M88046 Imperial SeriesMediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 36° to 44° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This 11949/11910 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.75x1.7811x0.6098inchCone ReferenceCup Reference1194911910Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 25580/25520 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.75x3.265x0.9375inchCone ReferenceCup Reference2558025520Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceImperial SeriesCup Reference

This 25590/25520 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.7961x3.265x0.9374inch 25590 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 25877/25820 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.3752x2.8752x0.9374inch 25877 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 41125/41286 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.1252x2.8594x0.9689inch 41125 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This LM67048/010/Q bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.25x2.328x0.6602inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceLM67048LM67010QLight Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight Medium SeriesCup ReferenceStamped Steel...

This 09067/09195 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.75x1.9382x0.7098inchCone ReferenceCup Reference0906709195Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This KLM11949/LM11910 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.75x1.781x0.61inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceKLM11949LM11910K Series, Light MediumCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight MediumCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This L44649/L44610 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.0626x1.9799x0.5598inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceL44649L44610Light SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This LM501349/LM501310 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.6252x2.8909x0.7701inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceLM501349LM501310Light Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight Medium SeriesCup...

This 15123/15245 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.25x2.4409x0.715inchCone ReferenceCup Reference1512315245Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingImperial SeriesCup ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 387/382 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 2.25x3.8752x0.8268inch 387 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 529/522 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 2x4x1.3752inch 529 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This a5069/a5144 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.6872x1.438x0.4375inchCone ReferenceCup Referencea5069a5144Standard Basic Series Part NumberCone ReferenceStandard Basic Series Part NumberCup Reference

This HM89449/HM89410 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.4374x3x1.1563inch HM89449 Imperial SeriesHeavy MediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 36° to 44° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This JM207049/JM207010 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 2.1654x3.7402x1.1417inchJM207049 Metric SeriesMediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of24° to 25° 29‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This 05079/05185 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.7869x1.8504x0.5662inch  05079 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This lm806649-90401 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 2.125x3.5x0.75inchCone ReferenceAssembly Numberlm80664990401Light-Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard PartAssembly Number

This M88048/M88010 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.3126x2.6874x0.8752inch M88048 Imperial SeriesMediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 36° to 44° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This 05075/05185 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.75x1.8504x0.5662inchCone ReferenceCup Reference0507505185Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceImperial SeriesCup Reference

This 07087X/07210X bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.8752x2x0.5909inch 07087XImperial Series Cone ReferenceSpecial feature bearing. (Non-interchangable with bearings having same basic part numbers.)

This 07100/07196 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1x1.9689x0.5315inch   07100  Imperial Series   Cone Reference Standard Bearing

This 27684/27620 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 3x4.9375x1inchCone ReferenceCup Reference2768427620Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceImperial SeriesCup Reference

This LM11749/LM11710 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 0.6874x1.5701x0.5449inch LM11749 Imperial SeriesLight MediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 0° to 23° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This LM67048/LM67010 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.25x2.328x0.6252inchCone ReferenceCup ReferenceLM67048LM67010Light Medium SeriesCone ReferenceStandard BearingLight Medium SeriesCup ReferenceStandard...

This M88043/M88010 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.1874x2.6874x0.8752inch M88043 Imperial SeriesMediumCone Reference With an Outer Ring Angle Of 36° to 44° 59‚' 59.99 in.Standard Bearing

This 18690/18620 bearing is a imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 1.8126x3.1252x0.6874inch 18690 Imperial Series Cone ReferenceStandard Bearing

This 578/572 bearing is an imperial taper roller bearing. The bearing's dimensions are 3.149x5.5115x1.4375inchCone ReferenceCup Reference578572Imperial SeriesCone ReferenceImperial SeriesCup Reference